References :

Alim, H. (2009) Translocal style communities: Hip Hop youth as cultural theorists of style,
language and globalization. Pragmatics 19(1): 103-127.
Beck, R. (2010) Urban languages in Africa. African Spectrum 45(3):3-21.
Bogopa, D. (1999) African cultural system and the language in African transition: The case of
urban youth in Tsakane Township, South Africa. African Anthropology 6 (2): 259-267.
Bosire, M. (2009) Whatmkes a Sheng wor unique? Lexical manipulation in missed languages. In
Ojo, A. and Moshi, L. Selected proceedings of the 39 Annual Conference on African Linguistics 77-85. Somerville, MA:Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Bucholtz, M. (2000) Language and youth culture. American Speech 75(3):280-283.
Castells, M. (1997) The power of identity: The information age: Economy, society and culture
(Vol. 2). Oxford: Blackwell
Daiute, C. (2006) General introduction: The problem of society in youth conflict In Daiute, C,
Beykont, Z., Higson-Smith, C and Nucci, L. (eds.) International perspectives on youth conflict and development 3-20.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deumert, A. (2014) Sociolinguistics and mobile communication. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press
Dutta, C. and Bhadra, B. (2012) Youth language: Native language displacement viv-a-vis
popular linguistic pattern in contemporary Kolkata. Indian Sociological Society e-Journal 1(1): 63-89.
Eckert, P. (1997) Gender and sociolinguistic variation. In Coates, J. (ed.) Reading in language
and gender 64-75. Oxford: Blackwell.
Frederiksen, B and Munive, J, (2010) young men and women in Africa. Young 18(3), 249-258.
Helgerson, J. (2002). The national security implications of global demographic change. www.au.af.mil/auc/awcgate
Garcia, O. and Wei, L. (2014) Translanguaging, language, bilingualism and education. New
York: Palgrave Macmillian
Halliday, M. A. K. (1976) Anti-Languages. American Anthropologist, 78(3): 570–584.
Jorgensen, J. (2008) urban wall languaging. International Journal of Multilingualism 5(3): 237-
253.
Kariuki, A, Kanana, F. and Kebeya H. (2015) The growth of Sheng in advertisements in selected
businesses in Kenya. Journal of African Cultural Studies 27(2): 229-246.

Kerswill, P. (2013) Identity, ethnicity and place: The construction of youth language in London.
In Auer, P., Hilpert, M. and Szmrecsannyi, B. (eds.) Space in language and linguistics. Linguae etlitterae 128-164. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Kießling, R. and Mous, M (2004) Urban youth languages in Africa. Anthropological Linguistics
46(3): 303-340.

McLaughlin, F. (2009).Introduction to the languages of urban Africa. In McLaughlin, F. (ed)
The languages of urban Africa 1-18. London & New York: Continuum.

Mensah, E. (2012) Youth language in Nigeria: A case study of the Agaba Boys. Sociolinguistic
Studies 6(3): 387-419.
Mensah, E. and Ndimele, R. (2013) Linguistic creativity in Nigerian Pidgin advertising.
Sociolinguistic Studies 7(3): 321-344.
Mugaddam, A (2009) Aspects of youth languages in Khartoum. In Brezinger, M. and Fehn, A-M
(eds.) Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on African Linguistics 87-98. Cologne: Koppe.
Muntonya, M. (2008) Swahili advertising in Nairobi: Innovation and language shift. Journal of
African Cultural Studies 27(2): 229-246.
Nortier, J. and Svendsen, B. (2015) Language, youth and identity in the 21st century. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Ojwang, B. (2010) Reclaiming urban youth identity through language in Kenya: The case of
Koch FM radio. www.codesria.com
Piller, J. (2003) Advertising as a site of language contact. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics
23: 170-183.
Pujolar, J. (2008) Youth language and identity.Revista de Sociolinguistica, 1-11
www.gencat/IIengua/noves
Reynolds, J. and Chun, E. (2013) Figuring youth citizenship: Communicative practices
mediating the cultural politics of citizenship and age. Language and Communication 33: 473-480.
Smith, R. (2011)Urban dictionary: Youth slanguage and the refining of definition. English Today
27(4): 43-48.
Sommer, M. (2003) urbanization, war and Africa’s youth at risk: Towards understanding and
addressing future challenges. Atlanta: creative Associate International.
Spivak, G. (1988) Subaltern Studies: Deconstructing historiography. In Guha, R. and Spivak, G.
(eds.) In other worlds: Essays in cultural politics 197-221. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Storch, A. (2011) Secret manipulations: Language and context in Africa. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Tyyska, V. (2005) Conceptualising and theorising youth: Global perspectives. In Helve, H. and
Holm, G (eds.) Contemporary youth research: Local expressions and global connections 3-13. Ashgate publishing.
Ukeje, C. (2006) Youth movement and youth violence in Nigeria’s Oil Delta Region In Daiute,
C, Beykont, Z., Higson-Smith, C and Nucci, L. (eds.) International perspectives on youth conflict and development 298-304.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wyman, L. (2012) Youth culture, language endangerment and language survivance. Bristol:
Multilingual Matters.